A. It is a misdemeanor for any person to operate or move, or for the owner to cause or knowingly permit to be operated or moved on any highway, any vehicle or combination of vehicles which is in such unsafe condition as to endanger any person, or which does not contain those parts or is not at all times equipped with such lamps and other equipment in proper condition and adjustment as required in this section, or which is equipped in any manner in violation of this title, or for any person to do any act forbidden or fail to perform any act required under this title.

B. Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit the use of additional parts and accessories on any vehicle not inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter.

C. The provisions of this chapter with respect to equipment on vehicles shall not apply to implements of husbandry, road machinery, road rollers, or farm tractors, except as made applicable in this chapter.

D. The provisions of this chapter relating to the requirement of lights to be burning on vehicles shall not apply to those vehicles limited to daylight use only, but no such vehicle shall be operated on any public highway during the hours in which this title requires vehicles to operate with lights. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.1, 1965)

Every vehicle upon a highway within this county at any time from a half hour after sunset to a half hour before sunrise and at any other time when, due to insufficient light or unfavorable atmospheric conditions, persons and vehicles on the highway are not clearly discernible at a distance of five hundred feet ahead shall display lighted lamps and illuminating devices as respectively required in this chapter for different classes of vehicles, subject to exceptions with respect to parked vehicles. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.2, 1965)

Any motor vehicle may be operated under the conditions specified in Section 10.20.020 when equipped with two lighted lamps upon the front thereof capable of revealing persons and objects seventy-five feet ahead in lieu of lamps required in Section 10.20.110 or 10.20.130; provided, however, that at no time shall it be operated at a speed in excess of twenty miles per hour. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.26, 1965)

A. At all times specified in Section 10.20.020, at least two lighted lamps shall be displayed, one on each side at the front of every motor vehicle other than a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle, except when such vehicle is parked subject to the regulations governing lights on parked vehicles.

B. Whenever a motor vehicle equipped with head lamps

as required in this chapter is also equipped with auxiliary lamps or a spot lamp or any other lamp on the front thereof projecting a beam of intensity greater than three hundred candlepower, not more than a total of four of any such lamps on the front of a vehicle shall be lighted at any one time when upon a highway. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.27, 1965)

A. Whenever requirement is declared in this chapter as to distance from which certain lamps and devices shall render objects visible or within which such lamps or devices shall be visible, such provisions shall apply during the times stated in Section 10.20.020 in respect to a vehicle without load when upon a straight, level, unlighted highway under normal atmospheric conditions unless a different time or condition is expressly stated.

B. Whenever requirement is declared in this chapter as to the mounted height of lamps or devices, it shall mean from the center of such lamp or device to the level ground upon which the vehicle stands when such vehicle is without a load. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.3, 1965)

A. Every motor vehicle other than a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle shall be equipped with at least two head lamps with at least one on each side of the front of the motor vehicle, which head lamps shall comply with the requirements and limitations set forth in this title.

B. Every motorcycle and every motor-driven cycle shall be equipped with at least one and not more than two head lamps which shall comply with the requirements and limitations of this title.

C. Every head lamp upon every motor vehicle, including every motorcycle and motor-driven cycle, shall be located at a height measured from the center of the head lamp of not more than fifty-four inches nor less than twenty-four inches to be measured as set forth in Section 10.20.050. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.4, 1965)

A. Every motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer and pole-trailer, and any other vehicle which is being drawn at the end of a train of vehicles, shall be equipped with at least one tail lamp mounted on the rear, which, when lighted as hereinbefore required, shall emit a red light plainly visible from a distance of five hundred feet to the rear, provided that in the case of a train of vehicles only the tail lamp on the rearmost vehicle need actually be seen from the distance specified. And further, every such above-mentioned vehicle, other than a truck tractor, registered in this county and manufactured or assembled after July 1, 1965, shall be equipped with at least two tail lamps mounted on the rear, on the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable, which, when lighted as herein required, shall comply with the provisions of this article.

B. Every tail lamp upon every vehicle shall be located at a height of not more than seventy-two inches nor less than twenty inches.

C. Either a tail lamp or a separate lamp shall be so constructed and placed as to illuminate with a white light the rear registration plate and render it clearly legible from a distance of fifty feet to the rear. Any tail lamp or tail lamps, together with any separate lamp for illuminating the rear registration plate, shall be so wired as to be lighted whenever the head lamps or auxiliary driving lamps are lighted. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.5, 1965)

A. Every new motor vehicle hereafter sold and operated upon a highway other than a truck tractor shall carry on the rear, either as a part of the tail lamps or separately, two red reflectors, except that every motorcycle and every motor-driven cycle shall carry at least one reflector, meeting the requirements of this chapter, and except that vehicles of the type mentioned in Section 10.20.160 shall be equipped with reflectors as required therein.

B. Every such reflector shall be mounted on the motor vehicle at a height not less than twenty inches nor more than sixty inches measured as set forth in Section 10.20.060 and shall be of such size and characteristics and so maintained as to be visible at night from all distances within three hundred fifty feet to one hundred feet from such vehicle when directly in front of lawful upper beams of head lamps, except that visibility from a greater distance is hereinafter required of reflectors on certain types of vehicles. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.6, 1965)

A. From and after date of approval of the ordinance codified in this title, it is unlawful for any person to sell any new motor vehicle in the county or for any person to drive any such new motor vehicle on the highways unless it is equipped with at least two stop lamps meeting the requirements of this chapter, except that a motorcycle, motor-driven cycle, or truck tractor manufactured or assembled after such date shall be equipped with at least one stop lamp meeting the requirements of Section 10.20.100.

B. No person shall sell or offer for sale or operate on the highways any motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer registered in the county and manufactured or assembled after July 1, 1965, unless it is equipped with electrical turn signals meeting the requirements of Section 10.20.100. This subsection shall not apply to any motorcycle or motor-driven cycle. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.7, 1965)

A. Any motor vehicle may be equipped, and when required under this section shall be equipped, with a stop lamp or lamps on the rear of the vehicle which shall emit a red or amber light, or any shade of color between red and amber, visible from a distance of not less than one hundred feet to the rear in normal sunlight, and which shall be actuated upon application of the service (foot) brake. The signal lamp or lamps and devices may but need not be incorporated with one or more other rear lamps.

B. Any motor vehicle may be equipped and when required under this title shall be equipped with lamps showing to the front and rear for the purpose of indicating an intention to turn either to the right or left. Such lamps showing to the front shall be located on the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable and when in use shall display a white or amber light, or any shade of color between white and amber, visible from a distance of not less than one hundred feet to the front in normal sunlight; and the lamps showing to the rear shall be located at the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable, and when in use shall display a red or amber light, or any shade of color between red and amber, visible from a distance of not less than one hundred feet to the rear in normal sunlight. When actuated, such lamps shall indicate the intended direction of turning by flashing the lights showing to the front and rear on the side toward which the turn is made.

C. All mechanical signal devices shall be self-illuminated when in use during the time between one-half hour after sunset and one-half hour before sunrise.

D. Any motor vehicle or combination of vehicles eighty inches or more in overall width, and manufactured or assembled after July 1, 1965, shall be equipped with lamps showing to the front and rear for the purpose of indicating an intention to turn either to the right or the left. Such lamps showing to the front shall be located on the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable, and when in use shall display a red or amber light, or any shade of color between red and amber, visible from a distance of not less than five hundred feet to the rear in normal sunlight. When actuated, such lamps shall indicate the intended direction of turning by flashing the lights showing to the front and rear on the side toward which the turn is made.

E. No stop lamp or signal lamp shall project a glaring or dazzling light. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.20, 1965)

Head lamps arranged to provide a single distribution of light not supplemented by auxiliary driving lamps shall be permitted on motor vehicles manufactured and sold prior to one year after the effective date of the ordinance codified in this title in lieu of multiple-beam road-lighting equipment specified in this chapter if the single distribution of light complies with the following requirements and limitations:

A. The head lamps shall be so aimed that when the vehicle is not loaded none of the high intensity portion of the light shall at a distance of twenty-five feet ahead project higher than a level of five inches below the level of the center of the lamp from which it comes, and in no case higher than forty-two inches above the level on which the vehicle stands at a distance of seventy-five feet ahead.

B. The intensity shall be sufficient to reveal persons and vehicles at a distance of at least two hundred feet. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.24, 1965)

A. Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not more than two side cowl or fender lamps which shall emit an amber or white light without glare.

B. Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not more than one running-board courtesy lamp on each side thereof which shall emit a white or amber light without glare.

C. Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not more than two back-up lamps either separately or in combination with other lamps, but such back-up lamp shall not be lighted when the motor vehicle is in forward motion.

D. Any vehicle may be equipped with lamps which may be used for the purpose of warning the operators of other vehicles of the presence of a vehicular traffic hazard requiring the exercise of unusual care in approaching, overtaking or passing, and when so equipped may display such warning in addition to any other warning signals required by this title. The lamps used to display such warning to the front shall be mounted at the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable, and shall display simultaneously flashing white or amber lights, or any shade of color between white and amber. The lamps used to display such warning to the rear shall be mounted at the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable, and shall show simultaneously flashing amber or red lights, or any shade of color between amber or red. These warning lights shall be visible from a distance of not less than five hundred feet under normal atmospheric conditions at night.

E. Any commercial vehicle eighty inches or more in overall width may be equipped with not more than three identification lamps showing to the front which shall emit an amber light without glare and not more than three identification lamps showing to the rear which shall emit a red light without glare. Such lamps shall be placed in a row and may be mounted either horizontally or vertically. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.21, 1965)

Except as provided in this chapter, the head lamps or the auxiliary operating lamps or the auxiliary passing lamp or combination thereof on motor vehicles other than motorcycles or motor-driven cycles shall be so arranged that the operator may select at will between distribution of light projected to different elevations; and such lamps may, in addition, be so arranged that such selection can be made automatically, subject to the following requirements and limitations:

A. There shall be an uppermost distribution of light or composite beam so aimed and of such intensity as to reveal persons and vehicles at a distance of at least three hundred fifty feet ahead for all conditions of loading.

B. There shall be a lowermost distribution of light or composite beam so aimed and of sufficient intensity to reveal persons and vehicles at a distance of at least one hundred feet ahead, and on a straight level road under any condition of loading none of the high-intensity portion of the beam shall be directed to strike the eyes of an approaching driver.

C. Every new motor vehicle other than a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle, registered in the county after July 1, 1965, which has a multiple-beam road-lighting equipment shall be equipped with a beam indicator, which shall be lighted whenever the uppermost distribution of light from

the head lamps is in use, and shall not otherwise be lighted. The indicator shall be so designed and located that when lighted it will be readily visible without glare to the operator of the vehicle so equipped. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.22, 1965)

Whenever a motor vehicle is being operated on a roadway or shoulder adjacent thereto during the time specified in Section 10.20.020, the operator shall use a distribution of light or composite beam directed high enough and of sufficient intensity to reveal persons and vehicles at a safe distance in advance of the vehicle, subject to the following requirements and limitations:

A. Whenever a driver of a vehicle approaches an oncoming vehicle within five hundred feet, such driver shall use a distribution of light or composite beam so aimed that the glaring rays are not projected into the eyes of the oncoming operator. The lowermost distribution of the light or composite beam, specified in Section 10.20.130, shall be deemed to avoid glare at all times, regardless of road contour and loading.

B. Whenever the driver of a vehicle follows another vehicle within two hundred feet to the rear, except when

engaged in the act of overtaking and passing, such driver shall use a distribution of light permissible under this title other than the uppermost distribution of light specified in Section 10.20.130A. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.23, 1965)

A. No vehicle, other than authorized emergency vehicles as described in this chapter, shall use any spot light, while in motion upon any street or highway within the county.

B. Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not to exceed two fog lamps mounted on the front at a height not less than twelve inches nor more than thirty inches above the level surface upon which the vehicle stands, and so aimed that when the vehicle is not loaded, none of the high-intensity portion of the light to the left of the center of the vehicle shall at a distance of twenty-five feet ahead project higher than a level of four-inches below the level of the center of the lamp from which it comes. Lighted fog lamps meeting the above requirements may be used with lower head lamp beams as specified in Section 10.20.130B.

C. Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not more than two auxiliary passing lamps mounted on the front at a height not less than twenty-four inches nor more than forty-two inches above the level surface upon which the vehicle stands. The provisions of Section 10.20.130 shall apply to any combination of head lamps and auxiliary passing lamps.

D. Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not more than two auxiliary driving lamps mounted on the front at a height not less than sixteen inches nor more than forty-two inches above the level surface upon which the vehicle stands. The provisions of Section 10.20.130 shall apply to any combination of head lamps and auxiliary driving lamps. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.18, 1965)

Sections in this chapter relating to clearance and marker lamps, reflectors, and stop lights shall apply only as stated in the sections to vehicles of the type thereon enumerated; and the vehicles when operated upon any highway shall be lighted at the time mentioned in Section 10.20.020, except that clearance and side marker lamps need not be lighted on any vehicle when operated in the county where there is sufficient light to render clearly discernible persons and vehicles on the highway at a distance of five hundred feet. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.8, 1965)

In addition to other equipment required in this section, the following vehicles shall be equipped as stated under the conditions stated in Section 10.20.160:

A. On every bus or truck, whatever its size, there shall be the following:

On the rear, two reflectors, one at each side, and one stop light;

B. On every bus or truck eighty inches or more in overall width, in addition to the requirements in subsection A of this section:

1. On the front, two clearance lamps, one at each side,

2. On the rear, two clearance lamps, one at each side,

3. On each side, two side marker lamps, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear,

4. On each side, two reflectors, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear;

C. On every truck tractor:

1. On the front, two clearance lamps, one at each side,

2. On the rear, one stop light;

D. On every trailer or semitrailer having a gross weight in excess of three thousand pounds:

1. On the front, two clearance lamps, one at each side,

2. On each side, two side marker lamps, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear,

3. On each side, two reflectors, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear,

4. On the rear, two clearance lamps, one at each side, also two reflectors, one at each side, and one stop light;

E. On every pole trailer in excess of three thousand pounds gross weight:

1. On each side, one side marker lamp and one clearance lamp which may be in combination, to show to the front, side and rear,

2. On the rear of the pole trailer or load, two reflectors, one at each side;

F. On every trailer, semitrailer or pole trailer weighing three thousand pounds gross or less:

On the rear, two reflectors, one on each side. If any trailer or semitrailer is so loaded or is of such dimensions as to obscure the stop light on the towing vehicle, then such vehicle shall also be equipped with one stop light;

G. Rear-end dump trucks and trucks equipped with hydraulic gates are exempt from mounting clearance and identification lamps. Reflectors will be used in lieu of clearance lamps. (Ord. 413 § 10-7.9, 1965)

A. Front clearance lamps and those marker lamps and reflectors mounted on the front or on the sides near the front of a vehicle shall display or reflect an amber color.

B. Rear clearance lamps and those marker lamps and reflectors mounted on the rear or on the sides near the rear of a vehicle shall display or reflect a red color.

C. All lighting devices and reflectors mounted on the rear of any vehicle shall display or reflect a red color, except the stop light or other signal device, which may be red, amber or yellow, and except the light illuminating the license plate shall be white and the light emitted by

a backup lamp shall be white or amber. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.10, 1965)

A. Reflectors when required by section 10.20.170 shall be mounted at a height not less than twenty-four inches and not higher than sixty inches above the ground on which the vehicle stands, except that if the highest part of the permanent structure of the vehicle is less than twenty-four inches, the reflector at such point shall be mounted as high as that part of the permanent structure will permit.

B. The rear reflectors on a pole trailer may be mounted on each side of the bolster or load.

C. Any required red reflector on the rear of a vehicle may be incorporated with the tail lamp, but such reflector shall meet all the other reflector requirements of this section.

D. Clearance lamps shall be mounted on the permanent structure of the vehicle in such a manner as to indicate its extreme width and as near the top thereof as practicable. Clearance lamps and side marker lamps may be mounted in combination provided illumination is given as required in this chapter with reference to both. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.11, 1965)

A. Every reflector upon any vehicle referred to in section 10.20.170 shall be of such size and characteristics and so maintained as to be readily visible at nighttime from all distances within five hundred feet to one hundred feet from the vehicle when directly in front of lawful upper beams of head lamps. Reflectors required to be mounted on the sides of the vehicle shall reflect the required color of light to the sides, and those mounted on the rear shall reflect a red color to the rear.

B. Front and rear clearance lamps shall be capable of being seen and distinguished under normal atmospheric conditions at the times lights are required at a distance of five hundred feet from the front and rear, respectively, of the vehicle.

C. Side marker lamps shall be capable of being seen and distinguished under normal atmospheric conditions at the times lights are required at a distance of five hundred

feet from the side of the vehicle on which mounted. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.12, 1965)

Whenever motor and other vehicles are operated in combination during the time that lights are required, any lamp (except tail lamps) need not be lighted which, by reason of its location on a vehicle of the combination, would be obscured by another vehicle of the combination, but this shall not affect the requirement that lighted clearance lamps be displayed on the front of the foremost vehicle required to have clearance lamps, nor that all lights required on the rear of the rear-most vehicle of any combination shall be lighted. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.13, 1965)

A. Whenever a vehicle is lawfully parked upon a street or highway during the hours between one-half hour after sunset and one-half hour before sunrise and in the event there is sufficient light to reveal any person or object within a distance of five hundred feet upon such street or highway, no lights need be displayed upon such parked vehicle.

B. No parking lights need be displayed upon any vehicle parked upon any highway in any business district while street lights in the business district are illuminated, nor upon any vehicle parked on the public highway directly under any illuminated street lights, providing such street lights afford sufficient light to reveal any person or object on the highway for a distance of two hundred feet.

C. Whenever a vehicle is parked or stopped upon a roadway or shoulder adjacent thereto, whether attended or unattended, during the hours between a half hour after sunset and a half hour before sunrise and there is not sufficient light to reveal any person or object within a distance of five hundred feet upon such highway, such vehicle so parked or stopped shall be equipped with one or more lamps meeting the following requirements: At least one lamp shall display a white or amber light visible from a distance of five hundred feet to the front of the vehicle, and the same lamp or at least one other lamp shall display a red light visible from a distance of five hundred feet to the rear of the vehicle; and the location of the lamp or lamps shall always be such that at least one lamp or combination of lamps meeting the requirements of this section is installed as near as practicable to the side of the vehicle which is closest to passing traffic. These provisions shall not apply to a motor-driven cycle.

D. Any lighted head lamp upon a parked vehicle shall be depressed or dimmed. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.15, 1965)

Every vehicle, including animal-drawn vehicles and vehicles referred to in section 10.20.010C, not specifically required by the provisions of this title to be equipped with lamps or other lighting devices, shall at all times specified in section 10.20.010 be equipped with at least one lamp displaying a white light visible from a distance of not less than five hundred feet to the front of the vehicle, and shall also be equipped with two lamps displaying red light visible from a distance of not less than five hundred feet to the rear of the vehicle, or as an alternative, one lamp displaying a red light visible from a distance of not less than five hundred feet to the rear and two red reflectors visible for distances of one hundred to five hundred feet to the rear when illuminated by the upper beams of head lamps. (Ord. 413.266 § 1, 1994: Ord. 413 § 10-17.17, 1965)

The head lamp or head lamps upon every motor-driven cycle may be of the single-beam or multiple-beam type but in either event shall comply with the requirements and limitations as follows:

A. Every head lamp or head lamps on a motor-driven cycle shall be of sufficient intensity to reveal a person or a vehicle at a distance of not less than one hundred feet when the motor-driven cycle is operated at any speed less than twenty-five miles per hour, and at a distance of not less than two hundred feet when the motor-driven cycle is operated at a speed of twenty-five or more miles per hour, and at a distance of not less than three hundred feet when the motor-driven cycle is operated at a speed of thirty-five or more miles per hour.

B. In the event the motor-driven cycle is equipped with a single-beam lamp or lamps, the lamp or lamps shall be so aimed that when the vehicle is loaded none of the high-intensity portion of light, at a distance of twenty-five feet ahead, shall project higher than the level of the center of the lamp from which it comes.

C. In the event the motor-driven cycle is equipped

with a multiple-beam lamp or head lamps, the upper beam shall meet the minimum requirements set forth in this section and shall not exceed the limitations set forth in section 10.20.130A. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.25, 1965)

A. The chief of police is authorized to adopt supplemental standards and specifications applicable to lighting equipment and special warning devices to be carried by school buses consistent with the provisions of this title. Such standards and specifications shall correlate with and, so far as possible, conform to the specifications then current as approved by the society of automotive engineers.

B. It is unlawful to operate any flashing warning signal light on any school bus except when the school bus is stopped on a highway for the purpose of permitting school children to board or alight from the school bus. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.29, 1965)

A. Every farm tractor and every self-propelled farm equipment unit or implement of husbandry not equipped with an electric lighting system shall at all times mentioned in section 10.20.020 be equipped with at least one lamp displaying a white light visible when lighted from a distance of not less than five hundred feet to the front of such vehicle and shall also be equipped with at least one lamp displaying a red light visible when lighted from a distance of not less than five hundred feet to the rear of such vehicle.

B. Every self-propelled unit of farm equipment not equipped with an electric lighting system shall at all times mentioned in section 10.20.020, in addition to the lamps required in subsection A of this section, be equipped with two red reflectors visible from all distances within five hundred feet to one hundred feet to the rear when directly in front of lawful upper beams of head lamps.

C. Every combination of farm tractor and towed unit of farm equipment or implement of husbandry not equipped with an electric lighting system shall at all times mentioned in section 10.20.020 be equipped with the following lamps:

1. At least one lamp mounted to indicate as nearly as practicable the extreme left projection of the combination and displaying a white light visible when lighted from a distance of not less than five hundred feet to the front of the combination; and

2. Two lamps each displaying a red light visible when lighted from a distance of not less than five hundred feet to the rear of the combination or as an alternative at least one lamp displaying a red light visible when lighted from a distance of not less than five hundred feet to the rear thereof and two red reflectors visible from all distances within five hundred feet to one hundred feet to the rear thereof when illuminated by the upper beams of head lamps.

D. Every farm tractor and every self-propelled unit of farm equipment or implement of husbandry equipped with an electric lighting system shall at all times mentioned in section 10.20.020 be equipped with two single-beam or multiple-beam head lamps meeting the requirements of sections 10.20.110 or 10.20.130 respectively, or, as an alternative, section 10.20.240, and at least one red lamp visible when lighted from a distance of not less than five

hundred feet to the rear; provided, however, that every such self-propelled unit of farm equipment other than a farm tractor shall have two such red lamps or, as an alternative, one such red lamp and two red reflectors visible from all distances within five hundred feet to one hundred feet when directly in front of lawful upper beams of head lamps.

E. Every combination of farm tractor and towed farm equipment or towed implement of husbandry equipped with an electric lighting system shall at all times mentioned in Section 10.20.020 be equipped with lamps as follows:

1. The farm tractor element of every such combination shall be equipped as required in subsection D of this section.

2. The towed unit of farm equipment or implement of husbandry element of such combination shall be equipped with two red lamps visible when lighted from a distance of not less than five hundred feet to the rear, or, as an alternative, two red reflectors visible from all distances within five hundred feet to one hundred feet to the rear when directly in front of lawful upper beams of head lamps.

3. The combinations shall also be equipped with a lamp displaying a white or amber light, or any shade of color between white and amber, visible when lighted from a distance of not less than five hundred feet to the front

and a lamp displaying a red light visible when lighted from a distance of not less than five hundred feet to the rear.

F. The lamps and reflectors required in this section shall be so positioned as to show from front and rear, as nearly as practicable, the extreme projection of the vehicle carrying them on the side of the roadway used in passing such vehicle. If a farm tractor, or a unit of farm equipment, whether self-propelled or towed, is equipped with two or more lamps or reflectors visible from the rear, such lamps or reflectors shall be so positioned that the extreme projections both to the left and to the right of the vehicle shall be indicated as nearly as practicable. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.16, 1965)

A. Every authorized emergency vehicle shall, in addition to any other equipment and distinctive markings required by this title, be equipped with a siren, exhaust whistle, or bell capable of giving an audible signal.

B. Every bus used for the transportation of school children and every authorized emergency vehicle shall, in addition to any other equipment and distinctive markings required by this title, be equipped with signal lamps mounted as high and as widely spaced laterally as practicable, which shall be capable of displaying to the front two alternately flashing red lights located at the same level and to the rear two alternately flashing red lights located at the same level, and these lights shall have sufficient intensity to be visible at five hundred feet in normal sunlight.

C. A police vehicle when used as an authorized emergency vehicle may but need not be equipped with alternately flashing red lights specified in this section.

D. The use of the signal equipment described in this section shall impose upon drivers of other vehicles the obligation to yield the right-of-way to authorized emergency vehicles. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.19, 1965)

A. Any lighted lamp or illuminating device upon a motor vehicle other than head lamps, spot lamps, auxiliary lamps, flashing turn signals, emergency vehicle warning lamps and school bus warning lamps, which projects a beam of light of an intensity greater than three hundred candlepower shall be so directed that no part of the high intensity portion of the beam will strike the level of the roadway on which the vehicle stands at a distance of more than seventy-five feet from the vehicle.

B. No person shall drive or move any vehicle or equipment upon any highway with any lamp, reflector, or other device thereon displaying a red or green or blue light visible to any driver or pedestrian upon the highway ahead of the vehicle or equipment. These provisions shall not apply to authorized emergency vehicles.

C. Flashing lights are prohibited on the front of any motor vehicle, except on an authorized emergency vehicle, school bus, or on any vehicle as a means of indicating a right or left turn, or the presence of a vehicular traffic hazard requiring unusual care in approaching, overtaking, or passing. (Ord. 413.78 § 1(b), 1974: Ord. 413 § 10-17.28, 1965)

A. No person shall have for sale, sell, or offer for sale for use upon or as part of the equipment of a motor vehicle, trailer or semitrailer, or use upon any such vehicle any head lamp, auxiliary, or a fog lamp, rear lamp, signal lamp, or reflector, which reflector is required under the provisions of this chapter, or parts of any of the foregoing which tend to change the original design or performance, unless of the type which has been submitted to the chief of police and approved by him. The provisions of this section shall not apply to equipment in actual use when this section is adopted or replacement parts therefor.

B. No person shall have for sale, sell, or offer for sale or use upon or as part of the equipment of a motor vehicle, trailer or semitrailer, any lamp or device mentioned in this section which has been approved by the chief of police unless such lamp or device bears thereon the trade mark or name under which it is approved so as to be legible when installed.

C. No person shall use upon any motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer, any lamps mentioned in this section unless the lamps are mounted and adjusted as to focus in accordance with the instructions of the chief of police. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.30, 1965)

A. The chief of police is authorized to approve or disapprove lighting devices and to issue and enforce regulations establishing standards and specifications for the approval of such lighting devices, their installation, adjustment and aiming, and adjustment when in use on motor vehicles. Such regulations shall correlate with and, as far as practicable, conform to the then current standards and specifications of the society of automotive engineers applicable to such equipment.

B. The chief of police is required to approve or disapprove any lighting device, of a type on which approval is specifically required in this title, within a reasonable time after such device has been submitted.

C. The chief of police is further authorized to set up the procedure which shall be followed when any device is submitted for approval.

D. The chief of police upon approving any such lamp or device shall issue to the applicant a certificate of approval together with any instructions determined by him.

E. The chief of police shall publish lists of all lamps and devices by name and type which have been approved by him. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.31, 1965)

A. When the chief of police has reason to believe that an approved device as being sold commercially does not comply with the requirements of this title, he may, after giving thirty days' previous notice to the person holding the certificate of approval for such device in the county, conduct a hearing upon the question of compliance of the approved device. After the hearing, the chief of police shall determine whether the approved device meets the requirements of this title. If the device does not meet the requirements of this title, he shall give notice to the person holding the certificate of approval for such device in this county.

B. If at the expiration of ninety days after such notice the person holding the certificate of approval for such device has failed to satisfy the chief of police that the approved device as thereafter to be sold meets the requirements of this title, the chief of police shall suspend or revoke the approval issued therefor, until or unless such device is resubmitted to and retested by an authorized testing agency and is found to meet the requirements of this title, and may require that all the devices sold since the notification following the hearing be replaced with devices that do comply with the requirements of this title. The chief of police may at the time of the retest purchase in the open market and submit to the testing agency one or more sets of such approved devices; and if such device upon such retest fails to meet the requirements of this title, the chief of police may refuse to renew the certificate of approval of such device. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.32, 1965)

A. Every motor vehicle, other than a motorcycle, when operated upon a highway shall be equipped with brakes adequate to control the movement of and to stop and hold such vehicle, including two separate means of applying the brakes, each of which means shall be effective to apply the brakes to at least two wheels. If these two separate means of applying the brakes are connected in any way, they shall be so constructed that failure of any one part of the operating mechanism shall not leave the motor vehicle without brakes, on at least two wheels.

B. Every motorcycle and bicycle with motor attached, when operated upon a highway, shall be equipped with at least one brake which may be operated by hand or foot.

C. Every trailer or semitrailer of a gross weight of three thousand pounds or more when operated upon a highway shall be equipped with brakes adequate to control the movements of and to stop and to hold such vehicle, and so designed as to be applied by the operator of the towing motor vehicle from its cab; and the brakes shall be so designed and connected that in case of an accidental breakaway of the towed vehicle, the brakes shall be automatically applied.

D. Every new motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer hereafter sold in the county and operated upon the highways thereof shall be equipped with service brakes upon all wheels of every such vehicle, except a motorcycle, and except that a semitrailer of less than one thousand five hundred pounds gross weight need not be equipped with brakes.

E. In any combination of motor-drawn vehicles, means shall be provided for applying the rearmost trailer brakes of any trailer equipped with brakes in approximate synchronism with the brakes on the towing vehicle and developing the required braking effort on the rearmost wheels at the fastest rate; or means shall be provided for applying braking effort first on the rearmost trailer wheels equipped with brakes; or both of the above means capable of being used alternatively may be employed.

F. One of the means of brake operation shall consist of a mechanical connection from the operating lever to the brake shoes or bands, and this brake shall be capable of holding the vehicle, or combination of vehicles, stationary under any condition of loading on any upgrade or downgrade upon which it is operated.

G. The brake shoes operating within or upon the drums on the vehicle wheels of any motor vehicle may be used for both service and hand operations. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.33, 1965)

A. Every motor vehicle or combination of vehicle at all times and under all conditions of loading, upon application of the service (foot) brake, shall be capable of:

1. Developing a braking force that is not less than the percentage of its gross weight tabulated in this section for its classification;

2. Decelerating to a stop from not more than twenty miles per hour at not less than the feet per second per second tabulated for its classification; and

3. Stopping from a speed of twenty miles per hour in not more than the distance tabulated in this section for its classification, such distance to be measured from the point at which movement of the service brake pedal or control begins.

B. Tests for deceleration and stopping distance shall be made on a substantially level (not to exceed plus or minus one percent grade), dry, smooth, hard surface that is free from loose material. The braking performance shall be capable of being decelerated at a sustained rate corresponding to the distances specified below:

(Ord. 413 § 10-17.34, 1965)

All brakes shall be maintained in good working order and shall be so adjusted as to operate as equally as practical with respect to the wheels on opposite sides of the vehicle. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.35, 1965)

A. “Hydraulic brake fluid,” as used in this section, means the liquid medium through which force is transmitted to the brakes in the hydraulic brake system of a vehicle.

B. Hydraulic brake fluid shall be distributed and serviced with due regard for the safety of the occupants of the vehicles and to the public.

C. The chief of police shall, after public hearing following due notice, adopt and enforce regulations for the administration of this section and shall adopt and publish standards and specifications for hydraulic brake fluid which shall correlate with, and so far as practicable conform to, the then current standards and specifications of the society of automotive engineers applicable to such fluid.

D. No person shall distribute, have for sale, offer for sale, sell, or service any vehicle with any hydraulic brake fluid unless it complies with the requirements of this section. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.37, 1965)

A. The chief of police is authorized to require an inspection of the brake on any motor-driven cycle and to disapprove any such brake which he finds will not comply with the performance ability standard set forth in Section 10.20.330, or which in his opinion is not so designed or constructed as to insure reasonable and reliable performance in actual use.

B. The chief of police may refuse to register or may suspend or revoke the registration of any vehicle referred to in this section when he determines that the brake thereon does not comply with the provisions of this section.

C. No person shall operate on any highway any vehicle referred to in this section in the event the chief of police has disapproved the brake equipment upon such vehicle or type of vehicle. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.36, 1965)

A. Every solid rubber tire on a vehicle shall have rubber on its entire traction surface at least one inch thick above the edge of the flange of the entire periphery.

B. No person shall operate or move on any highway any motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer having any metal tire in contact with the roadway.

C. No tire on a vehicle moved on a highway shall have on its periphery any block, stud, flange, cleat, or spike or any other protuberance of any material other than rubber which projects beyond the tread of the traction surface of the tire, except that it shall be permissible to use farm machinery with tires having protuberances which will not injure the highway, and except also that it shall be permissible to use tire chains of reasonable proportions upon any vehicle when required for safety because of mud or other conditions tending to cause a vehicle to skid.

D. The county engineer of the county in the case of county highways, or the Maui District Engineer of the Department of Transportation of the state, in the case of state highways, may in their discretion issue special permits authorizing the operation upon a highway of traction engines or tractors having movable tracks with transverse corrugations upon the periphery of such movable tracks or farm tractors or other farm machinery, the operation of which upon a highway would otherwise be prohibited under this section. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.46, 1965)

Every motor vehicle in motion upon a highway, shall be equipped with a windshield, fenders for all wheels and front and rear bumpers, except that motorcycles and motor scooters shall not be required to have windshield or bumpers. Where the type of vehicle and the usage of the vehicle make such equipment impractical, such equipment may be eliminated upon the approval of the chief of police. Such equipment shall be maintained in a safe and workable condition. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.43, 1965)

A. On and after approval of the ordinance codified in this title, no person shall sell any new motor vehicle, nor shall any new motor vehicle be registered thereafter which is designed or to be used for the purpose of transporting passengers for compensation or as a school bus unless such new vehicle is equipped with safety glass wherever glass is used in doors, windows, and windshields.

B. On and after the approval of the ordinance codified in this title, no person shall sell any new motor vehicle nor shall any new motor vehicle be registered thereafter unless such new vehicle is equipped with safety glass wherever glass is used in the windshield.

C. Glass, wherever used in doors, windows and windshields of any motor vehicle, which is shattered or broken, shall be removed and replaced with safety glass.

D. “Safety glass” means any product composed of glass, so manufactured, fabricated, or treated as substantially to prevent shattering and flying of the glass when struck or broken, or such other similar product as may be approved by the chief of police. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.45, 1965)

A. On and after approval of the ordinance codified

in this title, no person shall sell any new motor vehicle as specified in this title, nor shall any new motor vehicle as specified in this title be registered thereafter unless such vehicle is equipped with safety glazing material of a type approved by the chief of police wherever glazing material is used in doors, windows and windshields. These provisions shall apply to all passenger-type motor vehicles, including passenger buses and school buses, but in respect to trucks, including truck tractors, the requirements as to safety glazing material shall apply to all glazing material used in doors, windows and windshields in the drivers' compartments of such vehicles.

B. “Safety glazing materials” means glazing materials so constructed, treated, or combined with other materials as to reduce substantially, in comparison with ordinary sheet glass or plate glass, the likelihood of injury to persons by objects from exterior sources or by these safety glazing materials when they may be cracked or broken. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.47, 1965)

A. No person shall operate a motor vehicle upon any highway while same has attached to the windshield thereof, stickers or posters or opaque signs of any description exceeding twenty-four square inches in total area, or while it has attached to the rear window or windows thereof any sticker, poster or opaque sign of any description whatsoever. Signs or stickers when placed on the windshield shall be placed only in the lower right-hand corner.

B. No person shall drive any motor vehicle with any nontransparent material or object suspended within the windshield area as viewed from the driver's seat, nor shall any person drive any motor vehicle upon the hood or radiator of which is attached any fixture or ornament of any material which vibrates, swings, or flutters within view of the driver of the vehicle.

C. The windshield on every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a device for cleaning rain or other moisture from the windshield, which device shall be so constructed as to be controlled or operated by the operator of the vehicle.

D. Every windshield wiper upon a vehicle shall be maintained in good working order. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.42, 1965)

Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a mirror so located as to reflect to the operator a view of the highway for a distance of at least two hundred feet to the rear of such vehicle. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.41, 1965)

A. “Muffler,” as used in this section, means a device consisting of a series of baffle plates, or chambers, or perforated tube or tubes with spun glass, spun steel or other type of sandwich packing, or of other mechanical design or construction, for the purpose of receiving exhaust gas and controlling exhaust noise from the motor of a motor vehicle.

B. No person shall operate a motor vehicle on a public highway or street unless such motor vehicle is equipped at all times with a muffler or mufflers in good working order and of such length and size or of sufficient capacity for the motor and or exhaust system to prevent the escape of excessive or annoying fumes or smoke, and excessive or unusual noise. “Excessive or unusual noise,” as used in this section, means noise in excess of the usual noise which would necessarily result from the operation of a motor when reduced to the minimum by a muffler such as is defined in this section.

C. No person shall operate a motor vehicle on a public highway or street unless the motor and/or exhaust system of such motor vehicle is properly equipped and adjusted so as to prevent the escape of excessive or unusual noise as defined in this section.

D. No person shall operate a motor vehicle on a public highway or street with a motor and/or exhaust system which has been altered or modified to such an extent that the noise emitted by the motor and/or exhaust system thereof, shall be deemed excessive or unusual as defined in this section, or equipped with a dummy muffler, cutout, by-pass or other similar device. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.40, 1965)

No person shall operate on any highway any motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer unless equipped with fenders, covers or devices, including flaps or splash aprons or unless the body of the vehicle or attachments thereto afford adequate protection to effectively minimize the spray or splash of water or mud to the rear of the vehicle. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.44, 1965)

A. “Air-conditioning equipment,” as used or referred to in this section, means mechanical vapor compression refrigeration equipment which is used to cool the driver's or passenger compartment of any motor vehicle.

B. Such equipment shall be manufactured, installed and maintained with due regard for the safety of the occupants of the vehicle and the public, and shall not contain any refrigerant which is toxic to persons or which is flammable.

C. The chief of police may adopt and enforce safety requirements, regulations and specifications consistent with the requirements of this section applicable to such equipment which shall correlate with and, so far as possible, conform to the current recommended practice or standard applicable to such equipment approved by the society of automotive engineers.

D. No person shall have for sale, offer for sale, sell, or equip any motor vehicle with any equipment unless it complies with the requirements of this section.

E. No person shall operate on any highway any motor vehicle equipped with any air-conditioning equipment unless the equipment complies with the requirements of this section. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.51, 1965).

A. No person shall operate on any street or highway a reconstructed or rebuilt motor vehicle without first having a revocable permit from the chief of police.

B. Before issuing such permit, the chief of police shall require a written report of inspection on such vehicles as to brakes, lights and general working conditions, issued by some responsible authority designated by him.

C. Permits issued for the operation of reconstructed vehicles may be revoked at any time the chief of police has reason to believe that such vehicles are a menace to traffic.

D. The chief of police shall promulgate such rules and regulations as he may consider necessary to carry out the provisions of this section. (Ord. 413.30 § 1, 1970: Ord. 413 § 10-17.52, 1965)

A. Every motor vehicle when operated upon a highway shall be equipped with a horn in good working order and capable of emitting sound audible under normal conditions from a distance of not less than two hundred feet, but no horn or other warning device shall emit an unreasonably loud or harsh sound or a whistle. The operator of a motor vehicle shall when reasonably necessary to insure safe operation give audible warning with his horn, but shall not otherwise use such horn when upon a highway.

B. No vehicle shall be equipped with nor shall any person use upon a vehicle any siren, whistle, or bell except as otherwise permitted in this chapter.

C. It is permissible but not required that any commercial vehicle be equipped with a theft alarm signal device which is so arranged that it cannot be used by the driver as an ordinary warning signal.

D. Any authorized emergency vehicle may be equipped with a siren, whistle, or bell capable of emitting sound audible under normal conditions from a distance of not less than five hundred feet and of a type approved by the chief of police, but such siren shall not be used except when such vehicle is operated in response to an emergency call or in the immediate pursuit of an actual or suspected violator of the law, in which latter events the operator of such vehicle shall sound the siren when necessary to warn pedestrians and other operators of the approach thereof.

E. Any truck used to haul dirt, rock, concrete, or other construction material may be equipped with a horn, bell, or whistle in the rear thereof capable of emitting a sound audible under normal conditions from a distance of not less than two hundred feet, such warning device, however, to be sounded only while the truck is backing up. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.39, 1965)

A. Every vehicle used for the transportation of any flammable liquid upon any public highway, regardless of the quantity being transported, or whether loaded or empty, shall be conspicuously and legibly marked on each side and the rear thereof in letters at least three inches high on a background of sharply contrasting color, either:

1. With a sign or lettering on the vehicle with the word “FLAMMABLE”; or

2. With the common name of the flammable liquid being transported; or

3. With the name of the carrier or his trademark, when and only when such name or trademark plainly indicates the flammable nature of the load; provided, however, that these provisions shall not apply to any vehicle used occasionally for personal delivery by the owner thereof for his private use.

B. Every vehicle transporting any explosive as a cargo or part of a cargo upon any public highway shall be marked or placarded on each side and the rear with the word “EXPLOSIVES” in letters not less than eight inches high, or there shall be displayed on the rear of such vehicle a red flag not less than twenty-four inches square marked with the word “DANGER” in white letters six inches high.

C. Every vehicle used for the transportation of any explosive or flammable liquid upon any public highway shall be equipped with not less than two fire extinguishers of a type approved by the fire chief of this respective county, filled and ready for immediate use, and placed at a convenient point on the vehicle. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.50, 1965)

Whenever the load upon any vehicle extends more than four feet beyond the front or rear of the bed or body of such vehicle, there shall be displayed at the extreme end of the load, at the time specified in Section 10.20.020, a red light or lantern plainly visible from a distance of at least five hundred feet to the sides, front and rear. The red light or lantern required under this section shall be in addition to the red rear light required upon every vehicle. At any other times, there shall be displayed at the extreme end of such load a red flag or cloth not less than sixteen inches square and so hung that the entire area is visible to the driver of a vehicle approaching from the front or the rear. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.14, 1965)

A. Whenever the load on any vehicle extends more than four feet beyond the front or rear of the bed or body thereof, there shall be displayed at the end of such load in such position as to be clearly visible at all times from the front or rear of such vehicle a red flag, not less than sixteen inches square, except that between thirty minutes after sunset and thirty minutes before sunrise there shall be displayed at the end of such load a red light, clearly visible under normal conditions for a distance of three hundred feet from the front or rear of such vehicle.

B. No person shall operate any motor truck, passenger bus, truck tractor, or any motor vehicle towing a house trailer upon any highway at any time from a half hour after sunset to a half hour before sunrise unless there shall be carried in such vehicle the following equipment, except as provided in subsection C of this section:

1. At least three flares or three red electric lanterns each of which shall be capable of being seen and distinguished at a distance of five hundred feet under normal atmospheric conditions at nighttime, with the following requirements:

a. Each flare (liquid-burning pot torch) shall be capable of burning for not less than twelve hours in five miles per hour wind velocity and capable of burning in any air velocity from zero to forty miles per hour. It shall be substantially constructed so as to withstand reasonable shocks without leaking and it shall be carried in the vehicles in a metal rack or box.

b. Each red electric lantern shall be capable of operating continuously for not less than twelve hours and shall be substantially constructed so as to withstand reasonable shocks without breaking;

2. At least three red burning fuses unless red electric lanterns are carried. Each fusee shall be capable of burning at least fifteen minutes;

3. At least two cloth flags, not less than sixteen inches square, with standards to support same.

C. No person shall operate at any time and under the conditions stated in subsection B of this section any motor vehicle used in the transportation of flammable gases, unless there shall be carried in such vehicle three red electric lanterns meeting the requirements stated in subsection B of this section, and there shall not be carried in such vehicle any flares, fusees, or signal produced by a flame.

D. In the alternative, it shall be deemed a compliance with this subsection in the event the person operating any motor vehicle described in this section shall carry in such vehicle three portable reflector units on standards of a type approved by the chief of police. No portable reflector unit shall be approved unless it is so designed and constructed that it will reflect red light clearly visible for a distance of at least three hundred feet under normal atmospheric conditions at nighttime when directly in front of the lawful upper beams of head lamps. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.48, 1965)

A. Whenever any motor truck, truck tractor, trailer, semitrailer, or pole trailer is disabled upon the travelled portion of any unlighted highway or the shoulder thereof at any time when lighted lamps are required on vehicles, the operator of such vehicle shall display the following warning devices upon the highway during the time the vehicle is so disabled on the highway, except as provided otherwise in subsection B of this section:

1. A lighted fusee shall be immediately placed on the roadway at the traffic side of the motor vehicle unless electric lanterns are displayed.

2. Within the burning period of the fusee and as promptly as possible, three lighted flares (pot torches) or three electric lanterns shall be placed on the roadway as follows:

One at a distance of approximately one hundred feet in advance of the vehicle, one at a distance of approximately one hundred feet to the rear of the vehicle; each in the center of the lane of traffic, occupied by the disabled vehicle; and one at the traffic side of the vehicle approximately ten feet rearward or forward thereof.

B. Whenever any vehicle used in the transportation of flammable liquids in bulk or in the transportation of compressed flammable gases is disabled upon a highway at any time or place mentioned in subsection A of this section, the driver of such vehicle shall display upon the roadway the following lighted warning devices: One red electric lantern shall be immediately placed on the roadway at the traffic side of the vehicle and two other red electric lanterns shall be placed to the front and rear, respectively, of the vehicle in the manner prescribed in subsection A2 of this section.

When a vehicle of the type specified in this subsection is disabled, the use of flares, fusees, or any signal produced by flame as warning devices is prohibited.

C. Whenever any vehicle of a type referred to in this section is disabled upon the travelled portion of a highway or the shoulder thereof, at any time when the display of fusees, flares or electric lanterns is not required, the driver of such vehicle shall display two red flags upon the roadway in the lane of traffic occupied by the disabled vehicle, one at a distance of approximately one hundred feet in advance of the vehicle, and one at a distance of approximately one hundred feet to the rear of the vehicle.

D. In the alternative, it shall be deemed a compliance with this section in the event three portable reflector units on standards of a type approved by the chief of police are displayed at the times and under the conditions specified in this section, either during the daytime or at nighttime, and such portable reflector units shall be placed on the roadway in the locations as described with reference to the placing of electric lanterns and lighted flares.

E. The flares, fusees, lanterns and flags to be displayed as required in this section shall conform with the requirements set forth herein. (Ord. 413 § 10-17.49, 1965)